Toxins in Our Food, Water & Environment
From heavy metals in baby food to forever chemicals in drinking water, our families are surrounded by toxins. Here's what the science reveals — and how to protect your loved ones.
Heavy Metals in Baby Food
Congressional investigations and FDA reports have confirmed dangerous levels of heavy metals in popular baby food brands. These metals can cause irreversible damage to developing brains.
Arsenic
A known carcinogen found in rice-based baby cereals and fruit juices. Even low-level exposure can harm brain development in infants.
Lead
There is no safe level of lead exposure for children. FDA reports have found lead in baby foods, fruit juices, and root vegetables.
Cadmium
A toxic heavy metal that accumulates in the body over time. Found in chocolate, spinach, and grain-based baby foods.
Mercury
A potent neurotoxin that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Primary sources include certain fish, high-fructose corn syrup, and dental amalgams.
Fluoride in Drinking Water
Approximately 73% of the U.S. public water supply is fluoridated. While promoted for dental health, a growing body of research has raised concerns about fluoride's impact on neurodevelopment, particularly in children.
A landmark 2019 study published in JAMA Pediatrics found that higher fluoride exposure during pregnancy was associated with lower IQ scores in children. The National Toxicology Program has also concluded that fluoride is a presumed neurotoxin at levels commonly found in fluoridated water.
Many countries — including most of Europe — do not fluoridate their water supplies, yet have dental health outcomes comparable to or better than the United States.
BPA (Bisphenol A)
Found in canned food linings, plastic containers, and receipts, BPA mimics estrogen in the body. It has been linked to reproductive disorders, obesity, diabetes, and behavioral issues in children.
While some manufacturers have switched to “BPA-free” products, many substitutes (like BPS and BPF) have similar endocrine-disrupting properties.
Phthalates
Used to make plastics flexible, phthalates are found in food packaging, personal care products, and vinyl flooring. They leach into food — especially fatty foods — and are absorbed through the skin.
Research has linked phthalate exposure to hormone disruption, reduced fertility, premature birth, and developmental problems in children. A 2021 study estimated phthalates contribute to over 100,000 premature deaths annually in the U.S.
Banned Elsewhere, Allowed in the U.S.
These food additives are restricted or banned in other countries but remain legal in American food products.
Artificial Food Dyes
Red 40, Yellow 5, Yellow 6, and others are linked to hyperactivity, behavioral issues, and potential carcinogenicity. Required to carry warning labels in the EU; no such requirement in the U.S. California became the first state to ban Red 3 from food in 2023.
Brominated Vegetable Oil (BVO)
Used as an emulsifier in some citrus-flavored sodas. Contains bromine, which can accumulate in the body and has been linked to neurological issues. Banned in the EU and Japan. The FDA proposed a ban in 2023.
Potassium Bromate
Added to flour to strengthen dough and help it rise. Classified as a possible carcinogen by IARC. Banned in the EU, Canada, China, Brazil, and many other countries but still permitted in the U.S.
Azodicarbonamide
A chemical used to bleach flour and as a foaming agent in yoga mats and shoe soles. When baked, it can form urethane, a recognized carcinogen. Banned in the EU and Australia.
PFAS: “Forever Chemicals”
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of over 12,000 synthetic chemicals that do not break down in the environment — earning them the name “forever chemicals.” They are found in:
- Drinking water — contaminating water supplies near military bases, airports, and manufacturing facilities
- Food packaging — grease-resistant wrappers, microwave popcorn bags, fast food containers, and pizza boxes
- Nonstick cookware — Teflon and similar coatings release PFAS when heated
- Personal care products — cosmetics, dental floss, and stain-resistant fabrics
PFAS exposure has been linked to cancer, thyroid disease, immune system suppression, reproductive problems, and liver damage. A 2022 USGS study found PFAS in nearly half of all U.S. tap water samples tested. The EPA finalized the first-ever national drinking water standard for PFAS in 2024.
How to Reduce Your Family's Exposure
Small changes add up. Here are practical steps you can take today.
Filter Your Water
Use a reverse osmosis or activated carbon filter certified to remove PFAS, heavy metals, fluoride, and pesticides. Pitcher-style filters alone may not be sufficient.
Avoid Processed & Fast Foods
Processed foods are more likely to contain additives, artificial dyes, and come in PFAS-laden packaging. Cook at home with whole, organic ingredients when possible.
Use Glass & Stainless Steel
Replace plastic food storage containers, water bottles, and cookware with glass, stainless steel, or cast iron alternatives to avoid BPA, phthalates, and PFAS.
Check EWG's Guides
The Environmental Working Group maintains free databases including the Tap Water Database, Skin Deep cosmetics guide, and Healthy Living app to help you identify safer products.
Ready to Detox Your Home?
Our free guides walk you through reducing toxins room by room — from kitchen to bathroom to nursery.